| What it is | Permanent life insurance with cash value linked to a market index | A contract with an insurer that protects savings and can pay income for life |
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| Life stage | The building years, especially with no 401(k) or employer match | After you've built, like an old 401(k) you want to protect and turn into income |
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| Built for | Long-term, tax-advantaged growth plus protection for your family2 | Protecting what you've saved and turning it into reliable income |
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| How you fund it | Ongoing premiums, usually monthly or yearly, over many years | Usually a lump sum, such as a 401(k) rollover, CD or savings |
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| Market downturns | 0% floor on index credits, so a down year is never credited as a loss1 | Fixed indexed: 0% floor1. MYGA: guaranteed fixed rate. Income: guaranteed payments3 |
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| Growth | Index-linked interest, credited up to the policy's cap | Index-linked (fixed indexed) or a locked-in fixed rate (MYGA)3 |
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| Getting money out | Policy loans and withdrawals, generally income-tax-free if structured and kept in force2 | Withdrawals or income payments; gains taxed as ordinary income4 |
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| Access before 59½ | No IRS age penalty on policy loans2 | 10% IRS penalty may apply to gains4 |
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| Guaranteed lifetime income | Not its main purpose | Yes, through an income annuity or an income rider3 |
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| For your heirs | Death benefit is generally income-tax-free to beneficiaries2 | Remaining value passes to beneficiaries; gains are taxable4 |
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| Health questions | Yes. Medical underwriting is required | Generally no medical exam |
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| Living benefits | Many policies let you use part of the death benefit early for a qualifying illness | Some contracts can increase income if you need long-term care |
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| Time horizon | Long term, ideally 10–15+ years | Long term, often income for life |
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